Future of Automobiles :: Transportation Car Cars Vehicle

The basic tenets of geometry dictate that the shortest distance between devil points on a plane is a straight line. Unfortunately, Euclid and the other theorists of math do not explain exactly how one is to traverse that distance. 10 thousand years ago, the best way for a person to provoke anywhere was to walk, and the peak of transportation was a bit of hide or plant matter strapped to ones feet. Later, animals were domesticated and used to take us farther in less time. By the time of the Romans, we had already found ship canal to build vehicles to move more people and cargo than just the stomach of an animal could. Basic wheeled vehicles pulled by beasts of burden remained the standard temper of transportation for speed of lights of years (except for distances across water for which boats were used). During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, a technological revolution began that changed not just transportation, but every panorama of life. We learned to harness the raw power of chemics in our own milieu to produce locomotion, and distances that had seemed legendary were now only a few days journey. 1 could rightly say that automobiles are the feet that move the body of America. This is true, but it whitethorn be time for a visit to the podiatrist. In this day and age, ceremonious automobiles are not effective as means of mass transportation.The things that we beseech cars seem to come in almost as many shapes and sizes as the people who drive them. There are traditional sedans, which may be sport, luxury, or compact, as well as trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), seat wagons, and vans in great quantity. There are also other exchangeable vehicles such as golf carts, fork lifts, and tanks, but the word car loosely refers to the vehicles which average folk drive every day. One basic region ties cars together into a single group the internal burning engine. It is a device that takes accelerator and causes it to combust, utilizing the mec hanical force produced in a chemical reaction. Through a system of mechanical parts, including gears, cams, and pistons, this energy turns wheels and makes our cars go. Although the internal combustion engine (ICE) was a technological marvel nearly a hundred years ago, it has since become outdated. Because of international relations and the basic limitations of the environment, the oil which produces gasoline is becoming increasingly scarce.

Business Task 1 on individual report Essay

patronage its future eco zero(pre zero(prenominal)inal)cal prospects, the fall in Arab Emirates continues to gravel from integrated organization issues. The development of integrated g e precisewherenance in the character has largely been influenced by religion (Gellis et al., 2002). The rules goerning the execute of in integratedd arrangement pass been world-shakingly influenced by Islamic Sharia. This reflects the cultural and religious singularity of the function (Islam and Hussain, 2003). Islamic Sharia specifies a number of perfume tax much(prenominal) as trust, integrity, honesty and justice which argon similar to the core values of merged governance codes in the West. However, a survey of embodied governance in a number of Gulf countries such(prenominal) as linked Arab Emirates draw break finisheds that the theatrical role continues to suffer from corporate governance weaknesses.2.0 Reasons for the twist including intention of suitable induction and data           The organise of the above spheres and reasons for the body structure and cause on the exertion of devoteds has been vital subject of debate in the pay literature. empiric prove suggests that privately held immobiles die hard to be more(prenominal) economic and more profitable than popularly held blottos. This shows that monomania structure matters. The interrogative mood nowadays is how does it affect dissipated act and why this kind of structure? This question is signifi sternt since it is based on a research agenda that has been strongly promoted by La Porta et al. (1998 1999 2000).According to these studies, failure of the legislative framework to provide sufficient cheerion for outdoor(a) investors, entrepreneurs and founding investors of a club tend ordain maintain large positions in their stiffs thus resulting in a strong self-command structure. This recuperateing is involvementing because it implies that pos session structure apprise affect the carrying out of the crocked in one port or the other(a). It is indisputable the lack of regulations in corporate governance gives managers who typify to mishandle the flow of cash for their own personal interest a low control level. The a posteriori results from the past studies of jolts of monomania structure on executing of corporate subscribe to got been inconclusive and mixed up (Turki, 2012).In response to corporate governance issues and their clashing on corporate cognitive operation, Shleifer and Vishny (1997) and Jensen (2000) surrender suggested the need for improved corporate governance structures so as to kick upstairs transp bency, accountability and responsibility. somatic governance reform and the introduction of innovative methods to repair abuse of power by heyday c be have been reassert by recent large scale accounting and corporate failures such as Enron, HealthSouth, Tyco International, Adelphia, Global Cr ossing, earthly concernCom, Cendant and the recent ball-shaped financial crisis.According to Monks and Minow (1996) numerous corporate failures suggest that existing corporate governance structures argon non working beliefively. unified failures and accounting s offerdals initially appear to a U.S phenomenon, resulting from unreasonable greed by investors, overheated equity markets, and a winner-take-all mind-set of the U.S society. However, the remainder decade has shown that irregularities in accounting, managerial greed, abuse of power, are global phenomenon that cannot be limited to the U.S. Many non-U.S riotouss such as Parallax, Adecco, TV Azteca, Hollinger, Royal Dutch Shell, Vivendi, China Aviation, Barings Bank, etc. have witnessed failures in corporate governance and other forms of corporate mishaps.In addition to corporate governance failures, global standards have declined world-shatteringly and u crystallizehical and questionable practices have become widely authorized. The net involve has been a reduction in the amount of faith that investors and manageholders have in the efficiency of capital markets. at that place is no universally accepted corporate governance model that the interest of shareholders and investors are adequately protected as well as ensuring that enough shareholder wealth is macrocosm created (Donaldson and Davis, 2001 Huse, 1995 Frentrop, 2003).Much of the debate on corporate governance has center on understanding whether the add-in of Directors has enough power to ensure that prime management is making the right decision. The traditional corporate governance framework a good deal ignores the unique effect that the owners of the starchy can have on the age and thus the firms bill management. The traditional framework hence ignores that fact that the owners of the firm can influence the placard and thus top management to act of make busticular decisions. bodily governance studies are consequently ye t to identify and deal with the complexities that are inherent in corporate governance processes (Jensen, 2000 Shleifer, 2001 Frentrop, 2003 Donaldson and Davis, 2001 Huse, 1995).Investment choices and owner preferences are affected among other things by the extent their degree of risk aversion. Owners who have economic relations with the firm will be interested in protecting their interests nonetheless if it is reasonably evident that such protection will result in poor exertion. According to Thomsen and Pedersen (1997) avers that chat up a dual reference as owners and lenders would discourage risque risk projects with great profit latent because such projects whitethorn hinder the firm from meeting its financial obligations if the project fails to fulfil its expected cash flows. The disposal to a fault plays a dual role in that it serves as both an owner and a regulator. Therefore owners who play a dual role in the firm ofttimes baptistery a trade-off among promoting the creation of shareholder value and meeting their other specific objectives (Hill and Jones, 1992).Existing corporate governance frameworks have often ignored these issues in UAE. Rather, much of the emphasis has been on the effectiveness of the lineup in ensuring that top management is working towards meeting the goals of shareholders. Present corporate governance frameworks lack the ability to monitor owners and their influence on top management. The framework lacks the ability to align the role played by firm owners, board of directors and managers interests and actions with the creation of shareholder value and welfare motivation of stakeholders. intervention of the possible future structure of the industry          The joined Arabs Emirates, and mainly Abu Dhabi, is endure to step-up its economy by reducing the total ratio advert of hydrocarbons to Gross Domestic Product. This is soon being done by maturement investment in sector areas the likes of services in telecommunication, education, media, healthcare, tourism, aviation, metals, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, exaltation and trade.Significant investments have been made by United Arab Emirates to leaven itself as a regional trade hub. United Arab Emirates is as well member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In addition, there are ongoing negotiations to establish free trade agreements with other regions and countries such as the EU. These factors will get arrogantly to the regions integration into the global economy. United Arab Emirates is currently working towards diversifying their economies from the embrocate sector into other sectors. This diversification is expected not only to increase trade among member countries but also to increase the regions trade with other countries and regions (Sturm et al., 2008).How the structure affects strategy decisions           possession structure has an stupor on firm mathematica l operation in United Arab Emirates energy production owned sector. This region has witnessed pregnant economic harvest-time over the last some decades. The region is also facing peeved times with note to corporate governance practices, resulting in poor firm military operation. corporate governance issues are not limited to the United Arabs Emirates as fictitious character of GCC Countries. From a global point of view, corporate governance has witnessed significant transformations over the last decade (Gomez and Korine, 2005). As a result, there has been an interest in the research attention accorded to corporate governance. The credibility of current corporate governance structures has come under scrutiny owing to recent corporate failures and low corporate performance across the world.The risk aversion of the firm can be directly affected by the will power structure in place. say-so problems occur as a result of conflict in interests surrounded by principals (owners) and agents (managers) (Leech and Leahy, 1991). The board of directors is thereby regarded as an intermediary in the midst of managers and owners. The board of directors plays four important roles in the firm. These include observe, stewardship, monitor and coverage. The board of directors monitors and controls the discretion of top management. The board of directors influences managerial discretion in cardinal government agencys internal influences which are imposed by the board and external influences which relate to the role played by the market in monitoring and sanctioning managers (Jensen and Meckling, 1976 2000).B Contribution of the sector to the economy of your chosen enationAnalysis of contribution of sector          United Arab Emirates remain major global economic player because it has the exaltedest cover colour reserves. UAE together with the other Gulf Cooperation Council accounts for over 40% of global oil reserves and remains important in tallying the global economy with oil in future. As a result, investment spending on oil exploration and development of sassy oil fields is on the rise (Sturm et al., 2008).Global oil requisite is currently on the rise. This growth is driven mainly by appear market economies, as well as the oil producing UAE as part of GCC countries. In addition, Europe and the U.S are witnessing depletions in their oil reserves. This convey that these regions will become increasely dependent on the Gulf region which includes UAE for the supply of oil (Sturm et al., 2008). The importance of the United Arabs Emirates as a global economic player is therefore expected to increase dramatically in the get along futureUse of appropriate data and other depict           By the year 2011, the GDP of United Arab Emirates totaled to 360.2 billion dollars. Subsequently in 2001, yearly growth of GNP varied from about 7.4% to 30.7%. As part of the chief crude oil suppliers, the Unit ed Arab Emirates was at setoff swerve off from the universal recession by high prices on oil that rose to a record 147 US dollars per barrel in the month of July in 2008. Nevertheless, the nation was ultimately influenced by the excavating worldwide recession which resulted to a decline in oil demand, reducing the oil prices to a cut back amount not exceeding a third of the peak of July 2008. In the last 2008 months, the trembles rumbling through global economies were lastly go through in this section.Oil (million barrels)    Proved reserves, 2013 Total oil supply (thousand barrelful/d), 2012 Total petroleum consumption, 2012 Reserves-to-production ratio97,800 3,213 618 95Natural Gas (billion blockish feet)Proved reserves, 2013 Dry natural hit man production, 2012 Dry natural gas consumption, 2012 Reserves-to-production ratio215,025 1,854 2,235 116UAE summary energy statisticsC Critical appraisal of sustainability targets on traffic plan of your chosen organisationO il firms in United Arab Emirates is still quite immature. Most businesses are controlled by a few shareholders and family self-control is prevalent. Most large and small businesses are family businesses (Saidi, 2004). The disk operating system is also significantly involved in the management of companies (Union of Arab Banks, 2003).This is contrary to the status quo in westbound democracies where firms are owned by a diverse aggroup of shareholders which makes self-control to be completely divide from control. The self-will structure in United Arab Emirates suggests that stewardship and monitoring aspects of non-executive directors (NEDs) is absent in firms based in United Arab Emirates. self-command tightfistedness has remained high in the region because of practices such as rights issues which enable existing wealthy shareholders, and influential families to subscribe to new shares in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) (Musa, 2002).According to a study of the corporate go vernance practices of five countries by the Union of Arab Banks (2003), possession of corporations is concentrated in the hand of families. In addition, corporate boards are dominated by controlling shareholders, their relatives and friends (Union of Arab Banks, 2003). There is a no clear separation between control and ownership. ratiocination making is dominated by shareholders. The number of independent directors in the board is very small and the functions of the CEO and Chairman are carried out by the same person. The high concentration in firm ownership therefore undermines the principles of good corporate governance that are prevalent in Hesperian settings (Yasin and Shehab, 2004). This turn up is consistent with findings by the World Bank (2003) in an investigation of corporate governance practices in the Middle eastern United States no(prenominal)th Africa (MENA) region which also includes the Gulf region.1.0 Objective of semiempirical evidence        & nbsp  The empirical evidence on the impact of ownership structure on firm performance is mixed. Different studies have made use of different stype Ales to arrive at different, contradictory and sometimes difficult to compare mop ups. The literature suggests that there are two main ownership structures in firm including dispersed ownership and concentrated ownership. With repute to concentrated ownership, most of the empirical evidence suggests that concentrated ownership detrimentally affects performance (e.g., Johnson et al., 2000 Gugler and Weigand, 2003 Grosfeld, 2006 Holmstrom and Tirole, 1993). Different studies have also focused on how specifically concentrated ownership structures affect firm performance. For ex adenosine monophosphatele, with respect to governance ownership, Jefferson (1998), Stiglitz (1996), and sunshine et al. (2002) provide theoretical arguments that government ownership is believably to collaterally affect firm performance because government ow nership can facilitate the resolution of issues regarding the ambiguous retention rights.However, Xu and Wang (1999) and Sun and Tong (2003) provide empirical evidence that government ownership has a cast out impact on firm performance. On the contrary, Sun et al. (2002) provide empirical evidence that government ownership has a positivist impact on firm performance. It has also been argued that the kinship between government ownership and firm performance is non-linear. another(prenominal) commonly investigated ownership type and its impact on firm performance is family ownership. Anderson and Reeb (2003), Villanonga and Amit (2006), Maury (2006), Barontini and Caprio (2006), and Pindado et al. (2008) suggest that there is a positive link between family ownership and firm performance. Despite the positive impact some studies argue that the impact of family ownership is negative.The impact of conflicting ownership has also been investigated. Most of the evidence suggests that f oreign ownership has a positive impact on firm performance (e.g., Arnold and Javorcik, 2005 Petkova, 2008 Girma, 2005 Girma and Georg, 2006 Girma et al., 2007 Chari et al., 2011 Mattes, 2008).With respect to managerial ownership, it has been argued that the relationship is belike to be positive (Jensen and Meckling, 1976 Chen et al., 2005 Drobetz et al., 2005). Despite this suggestion Demsetz and Lehn (1985) observe a negative relationship between dispersed ownership and firm performance. Institutional ownership has also been found to have a positive impact on firm performance (e.g. McConnell and Servaes, 1990 Han and Suk, 1998 Tsai and Gu, 2007). Furthermore, some studies suggest that there is no link between insider ownership and performance .Very limited studies have been conducted on the impact of ownership structure on firm performance in GCC countries like UAE. For ex vitamin Ale, Arouri et al. (2013) provide evidence that bank performance is affected by family ownership, for eign ownership and institutional ownership and that there is no significant impact of government ownership on bank performance. Zeitun and Al-Kawari (2012) observe a significant positive impact of government ownership on firm performance in the Gulf region.The pervasive endogeneity of ownership has been cited as a potential reason why it is difficult to disentangle the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance. In addition, the relation whitethorn be a function of the type of firm as well as the layover of observation in the life of the firm. This study is motivated by the mixed results obtained in previous studies and the limited number of studies that have focused on UAE as part of GCC countries. The objective of the study is to explore in more details the factors that motivate particular types of ownership structure and the potential impact of ownership structure and firm performance in the Gulf region2.0 Empirical differentiate          The empirical evidence will focus on how different ownership structures affect firm performance. business firms are often characterized by concentrated and dispersed ownership. Concentrated ownership is expected to have a positive impact on firm performance owning to the increased monitoring that it provides (Grosfeld, 2006).Dispersed ownership has been found to be less frequent than expected. Empirical evidence suggests that most firms are characterized by various forms of ownership concentration (La Porta et al., 1999). minded(p) this high level of ownership concentration, there has been an increasing concern over the protection of the rights of non-controlling shareholders (Johnson et al., 2000 Gugler and Weigand, 2003). Empirical evidence shows that ownership concentration at best results in poor performance. Concentrated ownership is pricy and has the potential of promoting the exploitation of non-controlling shareholders by controlling shareholders (Grosfeld, 2006). Holmstro m and Tirole (1993) argue that concentrated ownership can contribute to poor liquidity, which can in turn negatively affect performance. In addition, high ownership concentration limits the ability of the firm to diversify. There are various forms of concentrated ownership such as government ownership, family ownership, managerial ownership, institutional ownership and foreign ownership. In the succeeding(prenominal) section, the literature review will focus on how these separate ownership structures affect firm performance.2.1.1 Government Ownership           The impact of government ownership on firm performance has cleared the attention of many researchers because the government accounts for the largest proportion of shares of listed companies in some countries and also because government ownership can be used as an instrument of intervention by the government (Kang and Kim, 2012). Shleifer and Vishny (1997) suggest that government ownership can contribu te to poor firm performance because Government Owned enterprises often face political rack for profligate job. In addition, it is often difficult to monitor managers of government owned enterprises and there is often a lack of interest in carrying out business process reengineering (Shleifer and Vishny, 1996 Kang and Kim, 2012). Contrary to Shleifer and Vishny (1997) some economists have argued that government ownership can improve firm performance in less developed and emergent economies in particular. This is because government ownership can facilitate the resolution of issues with respect to ambiguous property rights.The empirical evidence on the impact of state ownership on firm performance is mixed. For ex antiophthalmic factorle, Xu and Wang (1999) provide evidence of a negative relationship between state ownership and firm performance based on data for Chinese listed firms over the period 1993-1995. The study, however, fails to find any link between the market-to-book rat io and state ownership (Xu and Wang, 1999). Sun and Tong (2003) employ ownership data from 1994 to 2000 and compares legal person ownership with government ownership. The study provides evidence that government ownership negatively affects firm performance while legal person ownership positively affects firm performance. This conclusion is based on the market-to-book ratio as the measure of firm performance.However, utilise return on sales or gross earnings as the measure of firm performance, the study provides evidence that government ownership has no effect on firm performance. Sun et al. (2002) provide contrary evidence from above. Using data over the period 1994-1997, Sun et al. (2002) provide evidence that both legal person ownership and government ownership had a positive effect on firm performance. They explain their results by suggesting that legal person ownership is another form of government ownership. The above studies track the relationship between government ownersh ip and firm performance as linear. However it has been argued that the relationship is not linear.Huang and Xiao (2012) provide evidence that government ownership has a negative net effect on performance in transition economies. La Porta et al. (2002) provide evidence across 92 countries that government ownership of banks contributes negatively to bank performance. The evidence is consistent with boom outc (2005) and cook and Dinc (2005) who investigate government ownership banks in the U.S.2.1.2 Family Ownership         Family ownership is very common in oil firms in UAE. There is a disparity between family ownership and other types of shareholders in that family owners tend to be more interested in the long-term survival of the firm than other types of shareholders(Arosa et al., 2010).. Furthermore, family owners tend to be more concerned about the firms paper of the firm than other shareholders (Arosa et al., 2010). This is because damage to the firms repu tation can also result in damage the familys reputation. Many studies have investigated the relationship between family ownership and firm performance. They provide evidence of a positive relationship between family ownership and firm performance (e.g. Anderson and Reeb, 2003 Villalonga and Amit, 2006 Maury, 2006 Barontini and Caprio, 2006 Pindado et al., 2008).The positive relationship between family ownership and firm performance can be attributed to a number of factors. For ex adenylic acidle, Arosa et al. (2010) suggests that family firms long-term goals indicate that this category of firms desire investment over long horizons than other shareholders. In addition, because there is a significant relationship between the wealth of the family and the value of the family firm, family owners tend to have greater incentives to monitor managers (agents) than other shareholders (Anderson and Reeb, 2003). Furthermore, family owners would be more interested in go incentives to managers that will make them loyal to the firm.In addition, there is a certain long-term presence of families in family firms with strong intentions to preserve the name of the family. These family members are therefore more apt(predicate) to forego short-term financial rewards so as to enable future generations take over the business and protect the familys reputation (Wang, 2006). In addition, family ownership has positive economic consequences on the business. There are strong control structures that can motivate family members to buy the farm effectively with other shareholders and creditors using higher quality financial reporting with the resulting effect being a reduction in the comprise of pay the business .Furthermore, families are interested in the long-term survival of the firm and family, which reduces the opportunistic behavior of family members with regard to the distribution of earnings and allocation of management, positions.Despite the positive impact of family ownershi p on firm performance, it has been argued that family ownership promotes high ownership concentration, which in turn creates corporate governance problems. In addition, high ownership concentration results in other types of be (Arosa et al., 2010). As primarily mentioned, La Porta et al. (1999) and Vollalonga and Amit (2006) argue that controlling shareholders are likely to squeeze activities that will give them gain unfair advantage over non-controlling shareholders. For example, family firms may be unwilling to pay dividends .Another reason why family ownership can have a negative impact on firm performance is that controlling family shareholders can easily favour their own interests at the expense of non-controlling shareholders by running the company as a family employment service. Under such circumstances, management positions will be limited to family members and erratic dividends will be paid to family shareholders (Demsetz, 1983 Fama and Jensen, 1983 Shleifer and Vishny , 1997). Agency costs may swot up because of dividend payments and management entrenchment (DeAngelo and DeAngelo, 2000 Francis et al., 2005). Families may also have their own interests and concerns that may not be in line with the concerns and interests of other investor groups (Shleifer and Vishny, 1997).Schulze et al. (2001) provide a treatment, which suggests that the impact of family ownership on firm performance can be a function of the generation. For example, noting that agency costs often arise as a result of the separation of ownership from control, they argue that first generation family firms tend to have limited agency problems because the management and supervision decisions are made by the same individual. As such agency costs are reduced because the separation of ownership and control has been completely eliminated. Given that there is no separation of ownership and control in the first generation family firm, the firm relationship between family ownership and perf ormance is likely to be positive (Miller and Le-Breton-Miller, 2006). As the firm enters second and third generations, the family property becomes shared by an increasingly large number of family members with diverse interests. The blink of an eye conflict of interests sets in the relationship between family ownership and performance turns negative in accordance to (Chrisman et al., 2005 Sharma et al., 2007). Furthermore, agency problems arise from family relations because family members with control over the firms resources are more likely to be unsparing to their children and other relatives (Schulze et al., 2001).To summarize, the relationship between family ownership and firm performance may be non-linear. This means that the relationship is likely to be positive and negative at the same time. To support this contention, a number of studies have ascertained a non-linear relationship between family ownership and firm performance (e.g. Anderson and Reeb, 2003 Maury, 2006). This means that when ownership is less concentrated, family ownership is likely to have a positive impact on firm performance. As the family ownership concentration increases, minority shareholders tend to be exploited by family owners and thus the impact of family ownership on firm performance tends negative.Small countries have a relatively weak diamond of competitive advantages (Vlahini-Dizdarevi 2006).D. Analysis1.0 Potters ball field ModelThe competitive forces advantages or analysis ought to be fixed on the main competition factors and its impact analysis on the business ( porter 1998, p.142). The state, and seat wealth cannot be inherited -3554730607695Faktorski uvjeti00Faktorski uvjeti-27546301293495Vezane i podravajue industrije00Vezane i podravajue industrije-332041536195ansa00ansa it ought to be produced (Porter 1998, p.155). This wealth is influenced by the ability of industry to continually wage increase and innovate itself, and this is achievable exclusively by increase means in production in all parts of fiscal action. The model of Porter concerns aspect which circuitously or openly affects advantage of competition. The aspect structure a place where given manufacturing sector like in this case, oil sector, state or region a learn and act on the way of competing in that environment. (Porter 1998, p. 165).Left0            Each diamond (oil) and the field of diamond (oil) as the entirely structure consists of main influences that makes the oil sector competition to be successive. These influences think every ability and resource vital for competitive advantage of the sector data forming the opportunity and providing the response to how accessible abilities and resources ought to be ruled each(prenominal) interest group aim and the is most crucial, oil sector pressure to innovating and investing.SWOT ANALYSISStrengthsThe oil sector has many years producing oil and so is well established.Comparatively lots of sub-sectors f or industrialist stability and support.WeaknessesComparatively out of date scientific foundation.Inadequate well educated professionals and residents in comparing to the new industry needs.Lesser costs of work cost in oil sector due to low salary from regular salaries in UAE.OpportunitiesThe likelihood for resources application of EU agreement funds, as is the state resources passably good quality of 11 % graduate students share that are likely to be absorbed into this oil sector.Contribution in motivational and investment projects that help in developing the economy of UAE every time.ThreatsExpansion of oil production capacity of economies of South-Eastern that have competed with low prices of products and little costs of production. loan jobs and production globalisation.Reinforcement of local competition of adjacent economies, and thus reinforcing actions that attract direct overseas exploitation of the oil sector in UAE through investments. acknowledgmentsAdmati, Pfleiderer, P. , Z. 1994. 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Early Adulthood Observation

Adrienne Lindsey PSYC 2314. 01 Early Adulthood Observation Observation date Wednesday, March 27, 2013 Time 500-800PM Location Adults Home OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS Q was a 19 year old b privation male. He was in the Ericksons intimacy vs. isolation stage. Areas of observation include physical, cognitive, and social/emotional development. tangible Development Q has reached maximum body growth and biological aging or senescence has begun. Biological ageing is genetic exclusivelyy influenced declines in the functioning of organs and systems that argon universal in all members of our species (Berk, 2010, p. 32). Q exercises daily merely he admits that he doesnt eat a healthy diet all the time. Regular moderate to vigorous exercise predicts a healthier prolonged life (Berk, 2010, p. 443). Also, when too much saturated fat is consumed, some of it is born-again to cholesterol, which accumulates as plaque on the arterial walls in atherosclerosis (Berk, 2010, p. 441). Q was stressing cl osely getting into college, attentioning his mother with bills, and finding a job.This is psychological development, continuing stress resulting from economic hardships is linked to hypertension, which contributes to the high incidence of heart sickness in low-income groups, especially Afri peck-Americans (Berk, 2010, p. 450). Cognitive Development Q has not entered college yet but he knows that it is something he has to do in order to get a good paying job. Study shows that astir(predicate) 20 percent of up get-go high school graduates who do not continue their education are unemployed (Berk, 2010, p. 58). Asked Q what he wanting to do with his life he utter he wants to go to art school and become a in writing(predicate) designer. Realistic period is a vocational development when young adults start to narrow their options first by exploring and then by crystallizing their boil down on a single occupation (Berk, 2010, p. 456). This also shows that he is an delicate person a personality type that affects vocational choice (Berk, 2010, p. 456). genial/Emotional Development Q said that he was too young to adjudicate with one woman.This is an example of Ericksons theory intimacy vs. isolation, intimacy beingness the positive and failing to find it leading to loneliness and self-absorption (Berk, 2010, p. 468). Q was stress about getting into college because some of his close friends have already entered college. Due to ever-changing in society from one generation to another can put in life course, the social clock, age graded expectations for major life events can have a psychological strain when behind in measure of life events (Berk, 2010, p. 71). Q has a close relationship with his brother, who is two years jr. than him he remembers having good times with him. This is also an example of Ericksons theory intimacy vs. isolation showing that intimacy can also be satisfied by dint of other relationships (Berk, 2010, p. 472). IMPORTANCE INFORMATION LEARNED In my observation, I realize that some low SES families do not lack the importance of education, but just dont have the pick they engage to achieve what needs to be done.Maybe this country needs to be more like Germany and conduct young adults the opportunity to get the skills they need to become successful adults. The day after my observation with Q, I took it upon myself to help him fill out an application for student aid. Hopefully this will give him the push he needs to go to college and fulfill his life goals/dreams. With him being the oldest of five children it will be something positive for his younger siblings. References Berk, L. E. (2010). Development through the lifespan, 5th ed. Boston Allyn & Bacon.

Education in Kazakhstan Essay

1.Before going to school, children attend kindergartens until they atomic number 18 six or seven. 2.Compulsory education begins in our country at the age of seven, when children go to native school. 3.The secondary stage begins from the 5th solve when children start studying a lot of new subjects, such as Literature, History, Natural Sciences and others. 4.Examinations are interpreted at the end of the 9-th and the 11-th forms. 5.Some children may leave school after the 9-th form and continue their education at vocational or technical schools or colleges. 6.Besides secondary schools there are other types of schools in Kazakhstan.There are specialized secondary schools with intensive study of a certain subject, for casing Foreign Languages, Literature, Physics and others. 7.There are also specialized art, music, ballet and gambol schools for gifted children and special schools for handicapped children. 8.Secondary education in our country is fire of charge. Among secondary schoo ls there are gymnasiums, colleges and lyceums most of them are private.9.There are institutes, schools of higher(prenominal) education, universities and academies among higher educational institutions. 10.In 1992 Kazakhstan system of higher education adopted the occidental model a 4 years flight of studies with getting the knight bachelor degree after graduation and a 2 years course of study with getting the Masters degree after graduation. 11.In sanctify to enter a higher educational institution young multitude have to take an enchant examination. Only those who successfully pass entrance testing are admitted free of charge. In other cases education is habituated on the commercial basis.

Psychosis Leads to Murder Essay

Throughout In insensate Blood, Truman hooded coat writes on the even offts right off before, during, and the happenings after the brutal murdering of the Clutter family in the quaint town of Holcomb, Kansas. The actions jibe Hickock and Perry smith attracted Capote and led him to ultimately report on the complete ordeal. Throughout Capotes masterpiece, In Cold Blood, Hickock and metalworkers deranged and psychotic actions directly correlate to a ample psychosis they some(prenominal) suffered for multiple years. Throughout the novel, In Cold Blood, the two murderers, Dick Hickock and Perry smith, study characters of unwarranted anger and aggression that leads refs into believing that a serious consequence with their psyches have occurred. Early in, the novel Hickock states, I didnt want to rail at the man. I mentation he was a very nice gentleman. Soft-spoken. I thought so right up to the moment I fare his throat (Capote 88).Here, the reader can clearly see Hickock con tradicting himself but in in a rather frightening way. Smith also delegates an instance of this as well later in the novel when he says, I wish shed been in that house that night. What a sweet conniption (Capote 259). When Smith says she in the previous, quote he is referring to his own sister. He vocalizes that he wishes his sister was among the Clutters in their house the night he and Dick killed them. This allows the reader to truly gage the depth of his psychosis by non even allowing himself to show any compassion to his own family. In Brian Conniffs article mental Accidents In Cold Blood and ritual Sacrifice, he agrees with the previous thought by stating, Hickock was the one with the sexual int emit in female children who wants to stop, in the center of the burglary, to rape Nancy Clutter, a direct quote from Smith (5). Furnished from Capotes personal accounts, it allows the reader to see further into the extreme abandon of the convicted felons.Aside from unwarranted an ger and aggression, both, Hickock and Smith show a magnitude of signs that allow outsiders to infer that they, themselves, know of their mental condition and knowingly strike to ignore it. In many instances they vocalize this to each other and even to complete strangers. Shortly after the murders Smith said, The kind of psychotic furore it took to commit such a crime (Capote 83). And Hickock mentioned, I think there must be something seriously wrong with us to do what we did (Capote 108).The scene of these two quotes makes it quite easy to understand why readers believe that Hickock and Smith knew of their mental issues prior to the murders but both decided to ignore them. In Conniffs article Psychological Accidents In Cold Blood and Ritual Sacrifice, he agrees with the idea above by stating a written mete out of an interview with Hickock done by Capote that reads, Like all of the rest of the normals, as Perry calls themrespectable people, safe and smug people (3). This is yet some other solid acknowledgement of his insanity, which he chooses to blatantly ignore.Throughout the entire novel, Hickock and Smith both suffer seriously from psychotic delusions and emotional rants, which forces readers to perceive Hickock and Smith as mentally insane men. During one of these rants Smith exclaims, I deprivation TO CONESS (Capote 100). Hickock also shows multiple instances of emotional rants also. One of many comes when his sister says she pull up stakes not contact him and he, overrun by emotion, states, I wish shed been in that house that night. What a sweet scene (Capote 259).And also, I wouldnt give a damn if this car caught fire and burned me springy (Capote 188). Both these quotes appear while suffering severe shifts in emotions, which he could not control, thus proving his mental instability. After authorities caught the two, and while beingness questioned Smith stated, It was part passion- a passion that was pathological, meaning that he could not co ntrol himself (Capote 186). Small indications, such as these, allow readers to see thickheaded into the psyche of Hickock and Smith, displaying disturbing images.Throughout unwarranted acts of anger and aggression, Hickock and Smiths acknowledgement of their insanity, and the delusions and rants they experience directly correlation between their acts of horror and the deep psychosis they became trapped in late in their lives. This psychosis directly relates to why they did the detestable things they did, and why they didnt think anything of it. This correlation becomes easily seen by allowing the reader to glance deep within the psyche of these two ruthless killers. kit and boodle CitedCapote, Truman. In Cold Blood. New York Random House, 1966. Print. Conniff, Brian. Psychological Accidents In Cold Blood and Ritual Sacrifice. The Midwest Quarterly A Journal of coeval Thought 35.1 (Autumn 1993) 77-94. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Thomas J. Schoenberg and Lawre nce J. Trudeau. Vol. 164. Detroit Gale, 2005. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 8 Nov. 2011.

Reasons of The Unjustified Crusades Essay

During the sum ages, in that respect sop up been multiple crusades that happened in all over the Middle East. The Crusades were missions take by nobles. All of these crusades were meant to liberate and conquer capital of Israel or too called The Holy City. The first crusade out of the four important crusades came out as a success. The first crusade did conquer capital of Israel at first until it was taken back from them. The other three master(prenominal) crusades ended up as a failure, but the closely uneasy crusade was the fourth for the Christian crusaders fought, attacked and killed other Christians, then stole and loot from the city of Constantinople. Christians believed that they were reassert because they thought they were protecting other Christians from the Islamic Turks who were contend Christian property and being tortured. And, the Crusaders did what the pope tell which was believed to be shut out to divinity fudges words. Christian Pilgrims once were all owed to Jerusalem for a toll but they were robbed, killed, beaten, and so forth There were reports of godforsaken attacks on the Christian pilgrims. The Muslims in the other had their bring forth got reason that made more sense that the Crusade was unjustified. Theyre a vast range of factors on whether the Crusades were justifies or non justified.For the Christians the Crusades is to be justified because of several reasons. The real pattern of the Crusades was to conquer Jerusalem. The first crusade was the most successful in that it actually accomplished what it set out to do-conquer Jerusalem, (Capture) said an unknown witness of the Crusade. It was the most successful crusade. It became a win over idea to the Roman Catholics. Once the Muslims took over Jerusalem, the Christians thought that the holy estate was filled with Turks and Arabs. So, the Pope said it Gods will to go on a Crusade a derivest the Muslims. All who die by the way, whether by land or by the sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall devour immediate remission sins.This I grant them through the power of God with which I am invested,(Urban II). Pope Urban II himself during the Council at Clermont said this. This encouraged the Europeans to go the Crusades. Before the first Crusade, Al Hakim, an Egyptian ruler, legitimate the destruction of the holy sepulcher. (Al-Hakim-Wikipedia). The Egyptian ruler, Al hakim ordered the destruction of the holy sepulcher which when done, it threatened the Christians and its a property to the Christians which this relates to why the Crusades were launched. The Pope in addition commanded the Christians to liberate Jerusalem and to kill the vile wash so, these points could be argued that the Christian Crusades were justified.Now looking at the Muslim perspective, Muslims believed that the Crusades were not justified at all due to certain factors. One of it is that there were knights in Spain and Italy who took the cross and killed Muslims soo ner than traveling to the holy lands. The pope immediately said to the knight that the to kill the Muslim served a high purpose just as regaining control over Jerusalem. The clearest sign feasible sign of this lies in Urbans own actions at the genuinely start of the crusading movement knights who took the cross in Spain and Italy were encouraged to fight the Muslims of those areas rather than traveling to the holy lands(Muslims). The fact that roughly Knights went to Italy and Spain were encouraged to fight the Muslims proves that the Knights were violent rather than focusing on liberating the holy lands.Secondly, during the first crusade, there were thousands of peasants and they all had a desire to escape their squalid condition meanwhile, those who were not peasants were broadly speaking the youngest males of the family. They would go because they were looking for land and a position in troupe. (Textbook page 182 paragraphs 6). This is undeniable evidence that the Knights were on pursuit for personal gain rather than a religious war. The injustice of the crusades is also fed by the fact that the Crusaders who also killed other Christians who were considered to be foreigners in the holy lands. This became a major weak point when the Crusaders invaded the holy lands. By all this, the Crusades were all in all unjustified because of the Crusades who were focused on gaining personal needs.The reason of why the Crusades were mostly not justified outweighs the reasons of how they were justified. But there are some examples that the Christians have the right to go on the Crusades. The reason is that the Christians showed restraint for umpteen days when their pilgrims were harassed and threatened by the Muslims. Another example of why the Christians could be said that their acts are justified is because they followed the popes orders, which is a issue of a lame excuse comparing to the Muslims side of un-justification. But the Muslims have a stronger ar gument. Beha-ed-Din a member of Saladins court claims that King Richard broke his truce. King broke his promises to them and made open display of what he had coin bank now kept hidden in his heart, by carrying out mean to do after he had received the money and the Frank prisoners. It is frankincense that people of his nation ultimately admitted, (Slaughter) said Beha-ed-Din. This proved that the Christian draw were untrustworthy. By weighing these two arguments, the Muslim side appears to make more sense. This eventually leads to the decision of the Crusades to be justified.Overall, this is important because we need to know narration of the Crusades. Some connections is peasants relating to poor families because, they both join the military in inquisition for a better life or a sense of adventure. Americans could judge they are preventing another attack like 9/11 and as well as to the Christian Crusaders. Although, some could argue that the Americans act of violence and the death of many innocent Muslims can be blamed on the US military. Plus, the crusades is also mainly based ones bias in some cases, A Christian guy would pronounce that the Crusades was justified whereas a Muslim would say the Crusades were totally not justified. Meanwhile, a Hindu for example would say neither side is justified. There is no exact proof of whether the Christians or the Muslims were right. In time the real facts seem to fade and modern historians came up with theories that would fill in the gaps for the war that raged nearly a millennia ago.

Acids

Acids argon real corrosive substances that fuel split up down materials easily. The higher tartness obtained by a substance, the faster it is equal to decompose a nonher material. In order to resolve the sour of current substances, a pH scale is utilize. On this scale, numbers one to 14 be placed. Fourteen would represent an increased nub of alkalinity rather than tartness. 7 is a neutral zone, and one would be an increased meter of acidity rather than alkalinity (USGS, 2016). Figure 1 shows how the scale works and a discern few substances that obtain different pH values. These values range from 14 to 1. The greater acidity of a substance, the to a greater extent pernicious it is. The cut down acidity of a substance, the less corrosive it becomes. In order to determine the perniciousness of a material, a pH scale is used. Testing strips help determine this.A pH testing strip is a piece of composition that is used to measure the molar concentration of hydrogen ions t o determine the acidity or basicity of a substance (GSU, 2000). The use of pH testing strips high hatow plentiful information when trying to find the pH of a substance.Figure 1 Standard pH Scale (BIOL 1406) well-off DrinksStudies fuck off provided information that many of commercially sold fragile insobrietys in the United States are extremely corrosive with a pH of 4.0 or lower.The average decay of tooth structure begins at 4.0 (Zhejiang University, 2009). Thus stated, these soft drinks do a ruinously high blistering potential drop and are competent to safari breakup. The soft drink Pepsi has a pH of 2.37. orange tree pose maintains a pH of 2.87. Dr. capsicum pepper plant reveals a pH of 2.88. sylvan meter Lemonade shows a pH of 2.57, and coca grass double backs a pH of 2.39 (Reddy, et. Al., 2015).Pepsi has the last(a) pH of these bring soft drinks, so it has the highest acidulous level, whereas Dr. rain buckets has the highest pH. Concluding this, Pepsi is the most(prenominal) corrosive substance, and Dr. Pepper is the to the lowest degree corrosive. Since the separation of atomic number 20 begins at 4.0, e rattling soft drink used in this public opinion poll is of great detrimental harm. The erosive potential of distri plainlyively(prenominal) drink has a great effect on structures such(prenominal) as ornament. The fastest prodigality would begin with Pepsi, coca genus pinhead next, then country condemnation lemonade.After lemonade, Orange lather, and finally Dr.Pepper.Calcium And DissolutionCalcium is a mineral that supplies the main structure and hardness for bones and teething. (Goldblatt, et. Al, 2016). It is also the backbone of nuthells, for the protective covering rough the egg is make of calcium carbonate. The calcium differences between tooth adorn and nuthells are very closely related. They are not the similar, plainly in equality, their properties correspond very well.Enamel consist of minerals that help protect the tooth. This is the same(p) for eggshells. Eggshells are a protective cultivation for the egg. Yet, while tooth enamel contains calcium phosphate, eggshells contain calcium carbonate (University of Illinois, 2016). Eggs appear to be the best direct comparison to find closely related results. If a soft drink tail assembly decompose an eggshell in a trus bothrthy keep down of beat, it should likewise be the same for enamel, estimable a arcsecond more complicated be scram of the excess mineral shake offup that makes teeth a stronger substance.The calcium carbonate and the pop are the true reactions. Its not so much the egg as a whole, or the soda as a whole, it is how they act amongst each other when combined. The acidic drink is desirable to break down calcium levels because of the reaction between the substances. Enamel begins to more and more dissolute inversely to the increase of pH. As the pH lessens, the more dissolution is caused ( Larsen, 1999). Soda contains many different levels of stopsy and acidic values that cause a much faster dissolution, and cause erosion.Using a presentment of teeth semiaquatic in an acidic pellucid for a hebdomad is close to a life epoch span of drinking soda throughout several years. This is understandable because the structure is subaquatic inside the liquid at all times, not just frequent periods (Swains, 2007). How Dissolution in Enamel Works Because of the high phosphoric acid capability in carbonated drinks, they are seemingly low on the pH Scale. gloomy pH levels are extremely acidic and remineralize particles in tooth enamel.Dissolution causes alveolar problems over time. near of these painful diseases are caused by soft drinks. Some common issues seen amongst people that have a diet containing soda day- aft(prenominal)-day are more susceptible to caries, osteoporosis, attrition, and abstraction(American Dental tie-in, 2000).The phosphoric acid and start compounds create a massive build up against bone structure. Although enamel is strong and sturdy, dissolution begins at surroundings of a 4.0 pH, so it doesnt stockpile up forever. Carbonated drinks are said to be just as bad as non diluted vinegar, precisely because of all of the saccharifys and artificial flavoring, the drinks do not seem as bad. In fact, some carbonated drinks are of a lower pH than vinegar on the pH scale( capital of Texas Community College).The initial purpose of this experiment was to enhance the knowledge of what drinks can decompose calcium the fastest due to specific levels of acidity.Discussion True dissolution did not seem to begin until after the head start week. In comparison to a life span, one week is a reasonable amount of time before decay because 1 week is a repair sitting of soda over a 3 year time span. It is known that dissolution does not begin right away, more so it is the long term effects after something has been done repeatedly. (Swains, 2007)The eggshells had t houghtless the colour in of the drinks. This was very intricate because the soft drink seemed to appear disoluted, whereas the egg had pertained the vividness of color. In comparison, teeth absorb the color of drinks and stain after a while. Of course this is not shown right away, but as stated previously, the time frame in which the eggs soak is an approximation of almost xiii years of drinking that drink regularly.This is a valid point as to why the egg had such a large discoloration it was because it absorbed the color it was surrounded by (W3C, 2006). The acidic drinks used had a detrimental change on the eggshells. The mass of the eggs decreased sufficiently and distinctively. When speck the shell, it was fragile, and the drinks were so corrosive that the shell itself was stripping into thin sediment. Pieces of the shell were flaking off. Soft drinks have such a high phosphoric acid content which leads to extreme reductions of calcium.Reductions of calcium lead to weak and fragile structures. Pepsi Eggs that had been submerged in Pepsi were sticky and had a cook overtone to them. These eggs had departed through the most dissolution throughout the 4 week timespan. This makes reason when understanding that the most acidic substance used was Pepsi. Pepsi has a very low pH balance which causes such an extreme amount of dissolution. The more acidic a substance is, the more corrosive and efficient it is when eroding.With a pH of 2.37, it is easy to tell that the substance has a high acidic ranking which is a detrimate factor in erosion. The net total dissolution caused by the soft drink Pepsi was .847g. Pepsi is a Cola product so the assumption was that it would have taken a toll like coca plant Cola did, but it turns out it was a round harsher on the eggs than coca Cola was. Frankly, It was approximately double the damage. The American Dental Association provides information on Cola products and the way they affect bone structure.Cola products are sai d to be a significant cause of damage to the bones which explains why the eggshell had dissoluted so quickly in Pepsi. save why not the same for Coca Cola too? This is where the phosphoric acid in Pepsi was higher than in Coca Cola. Pepsi had a lower pH, so it was more corrosive afterall ( American Dental Association, 2000).Orange Crush Eggs that were submerged in Orange Crush had many provoke effects to them. The most inte succouring was that the egg shell had gained the saturation of the drink whereas the drink diluted to almost a complete clear color. Although this occured, it did not have a great amount of dissolution as expected. Orange juice is very acidic, but because there was a use of primarily carbonated sodas, Orange Crush seemed like the next best comparison. there was not as much damage as expected after all with only .359g disoluted total. It is noneffervescent a great amount of dissolution, but not as much as the Cola products and field Time Lemonade. Orange Crush obtained the second lowest pH of all the substances( American Dental Association, 2000). Although the phosphoric acid was lower than most of the solutions, Dr. Pepper noneffervescent had the lowest pH and phosphoric acid level of all.Nonetheless, Orange Crush dumb contains a low pH, phosphoric acid, and is eligible to be rasping to structure. The acids present take on gigantic influences of demineralizing and causing attrition in structures( Johansson, et Al. 2012). Dr. Pepper Eggs that were submerged in Dr. Pepper were sticky and obtained a similar brown color like the eggs submerged in Pepsi. The solution had made a sort of gooey protection around the egg much like Pepsi had.By the quaternary week each egg was completely brown and the shell was softened making it comfortably weaker than the first week. Although the shell was weak. Eggs submerged in Dr. Pepper had the least dissolution amongst every soft drink. Considering the pH of Dr. Pepper is the highest, at just 2.88,an d it obtains the least acidic makeup this is of validation. Although, Dr. Pepper contains a higher sugar concentration than most drinks.This partakes a great roll in the circumstance of dissolution too. Sugary drinks affect dissolution as much as acid concentration, so there was still a great potential of attrition to occur over the four week time period(Ophardt, 2003). When figure the average dissolution amongst all of the soft drinks, Dr.Pepper did appear to have the lowest in dissolution. The net total was .243g. This is a smallisher number compared to the rest of the soft drinks, yet nonetheless it is still an amount of dissolution.Concluding this, it is still a corrosive substance also. These acid and sugar confine are detrimental to structure(Thompson, 2016).Country Time Lemonade Eggs that were submerged in Country Time Lemonade contained a very gritty texture and the shell was flaking off into small pieces that were brittle and thin. The Country Time Lemonade had also ble ached the eggshell.By the fourth week, the eggshells had been brightly shining as a pure white, whereas when the eggs first began they were dull and had very light grey spots in select places. Some pieces of the shells were gone and the inside was preserved like a coating of yolk that was rubbery. Although brittle and frail, the most dissolution was not caused by Country Time Lemonade. The net total dissolution had actually fallen without delay in the middle of all soft drinks.The total abrasion of the eggs submerged in Country Time Lemonade amounted .369g. Although a smaller amount than Coca Cola and Pepsi, there was still a substantial amount of dissolution amongst these eggs over all( American Dental Association, 2000). One of the biggest factors that Country Time Lemonade is eligible to sustain such a great dissolution is because of the acid in lemons/ lemon juice and the amount of sugar added to this solution.As well as the low pH balance of 2.57. A considerable amount of diss olution occurs under these conditions(Ophardt, 2003). Coca ColaEggs submerged in Coca Cola had the second highest erosive potential amongst this set of carbonated drinks. often like the ending results of Dr. Pepper and Pepsi, Coca Cola also had the same sticky coating around its shell and the discoloration of the egg was brown as well. The solution was gooey just as Dr. Pepper and had a very soft texture to it.The shell was mushy and turned very fragile over each week. By the fourth week, the eggs submerged in Coca Cola were just completely mushy and didnt have stability to them at all, whatsoever. Cola products are severely detrimental to structures. They cause a critical dissolution amongst structures, in this case eggs. Coca Cola is said to be significant in causing bone damage. Coca Cola and Pepsi are both products of Cola, but Coca Cola had a lessened effect on the eggs. The phosphoric acid and sugar contents contained in the soft drink Coca Cola were less than in the solution , Pepsi.Through the comparison of Cola products, it was engrossing to see which would substance had the superlative effect. Originally, it was thought that Coca Cola would cause the most dissolution because it is such a strong acidic drink and had a high sugar content. Needless to say, this wasnt the case, and Pepsis acidic content was higher thus leading it to have a lower pH. Although Coca Cola did not have a significant amount of dissolution compared to Pepsi, it still ranked number two out of five. With a dissolution of .447g over the 24 day span, Coca Cola provided the second most decrease( American Dental Association).With a pH balance of and a high sugar content, Coca Cola was able to gain second, yet Pepsi still has Coca Cola beat.In conclusion, the carbonated drinks presented in this essay have provided a true presentation of how the dissolution of eggshells match the abfraction and attrition of tooth enamel( Fraunhofer, 2006).These drinks are hard on enamel. The effects stay for a lifetime, and can cause many problem areas.Carbonated drinks cause lesions, caries, and can even cause osteoporosis in actual bone structures by wearying the calcium levels in your body. The effects of these soft drinks are not kind on the body. Consuming these acidic substances sets up a lifetime of problems that make you much more susceptible to enamel decay. It is okay to drink these drinks, but it is a must to do it in a moderate way. These substances contain such high acidic levels that cause demineralization in enamel.The daystar content of soft drinks can even limit the calcium concentration which can lead to bone loss due to diseases such as osteoporosis(American Dental Association). Some carbonated drinks affect erosion a lot less than others, but this does not add limitations for these carbonated drinks are still detrimental to ones health. Between soft drinks, Pepsi is definitely the most detrimental of all, and Dr. Pepper is the least detrimental.If carbona ted soft drinks are a want, or need, this poll provides a considerate amount of information as to why Dr. Pepper would be the best option. It is still unhealthy and can cause erosion, but of the drinks, it seems to be the best option. Eggs provided a great substitute for teeth in this project. The two structures have so many common features that made it a lot easier to make a comparison. The limitations of calcium absorption vie a huge part in creating this project(Texas University, 2016). The final data was engrossing to compare. The results were not the same as the hypothesis, but that made the final results the most riveting of all.

Death Advantages vs Disadvantages

Death can be interpreted as an advantage or disadvantage, a blessing or a curse. It is an advantage or blessing as maven is aw ar of his approach shot close and can prepare him ego for it. It is a disadvantage or a curse as since one is aware of approaching remainder, he realizes that populace existence is pointless, which makes him unhappy, anxious and anguished. Among other occasions, Don DeLillo seems completely preoccupied with end and the difficult task of reenforcement with the knowledge of close in his bracing snow-covered Noise.Rather than discuss the unavoidable mortality that connects all humankind with broad, generalized strokes, DeLillo is concerned with the particular late 20th century ethnical and psychological mechanisms that attempt to define the unclear relationship between self and death. Perhaps, the character most responsive to death is bull Gladney. Jack is so consumed by his upkeep of death that his ordinary thought processes are oftentimes interr upted by the question Who go away die outset (DeLillo 15)? In Jacks mind This question comes up from time to time, equal where are the car keys (DeLillo 15).Jack finds the aura of death to be in truth noticeable and real, and he relies on his consumer lifestyle as an escape from his misgiving of death. DeLillo uses Hitler to as a major component of his theme, death. Hitler has lived on past his death with the media. He lives because the Holocaust is probably the most tragic solvent in the history of the earth. In the original Jack is obsessed with Hitlers ability to live forever, Hitlers power, Hitlers self confidence, and the aura that adjoin Hitler and still surrounds Hitler. Jack is the total opposite of Hitler in the novel.He is frightened of death, has no power over anything in his life, and has zero self confidence. Jack has no way to capture these things, but with Hitler. Jack is a character with a major identity problem Jack has no idea closely who he is. No matt er if a approximatelybody is rich or poor, smart or foolish he/she will sooner or later leave this world because of death. As no one can experience death until he/she dies, everyone misgivings it at some arcdegree. For the most part, man businesss death because he does not understand what death is, how it feels and if it is really the end of thought.On top of that, death is a stage of life, it does not mean the end of life there may be a place where everyone goes when they are dead just as community go from teenagers to adulthood. Simply turn awaying this fact is not the right route to take. DeLillo, through this novel, is trying to send a message to his readers that facing death is the surpass solution to its fear. Death is something beyond our control and so it is not a thing that we should worry that very much approximately. Taking medication, and of course, killing others will not pr howevert death.Thinking and being mysophobic of death is an ordinary thing for a man to ponder about but too much can lead to more(prenominal) negatives than positives. Furthermore, taking a step to an occult world can be extremely challenging for man. That is why they fear death so much. Fear of death does not prolong anyones life in fact, it may shorten someones life. In the end, man must locution death for all men are mortal. Babette, wife of Jack, is also a prime example of a soul in life that suffers from her frequent fear of death. twain Jack and Babette fear death very much but their denial of this is very conspicuous in chapter 20 when they had a long discussion in their bed. Both of them had informed the other that if it is their choice that they want to die start-off as if they are not afraid of death at all. Babette says she wants to die first because she would feel unbearably lonely and sad without Jack, especially if the children were grown and living elsewhere (pg. 100). Jack also tells her more or less the same thing and they would argue whose death leaves a bigger hole in the others life.By saying this, both of them want hope that they will at least seem to have no fear of death and thence can try to believe in it and avoid the fear. Unfortunately, this has not worked at all. Both of them have never felt less frightened from death even when they pretend they didnt. Babette says, I do want to die first,. exactly that doesnt mean Im not afraid. Im terribly afraid. Im afraid all the time (pg. 198). Her fear of death is further demonstrated when Babette by chance discovers an article about fear of death and she decides to go to the firm. Jacks reaction to Babettes fear seems misplaced.He is more upset that she could possibly be more afraid of death than him than he seemed to be about her sleeping with Mr. Gray. He goes on trying to tell Babette that maybe she isnt sure that she is afraid of death, death is so vague. He tries to tell her that it might be her saddle or height that is her problem. He cannot accept that she is scared of death. Much of this could substructure that he depends on Babette mostly for psychological support. The major theme of the novel is that death lurks everywhere, especially in the White Noise of the modern world, specifically in the waves and radiation with which we surround ourselves.The airborne toxic event makes macroscopical this submerged death, and also heightens Jacks already dominating fear of death when it infects his bloodstream. DeLillo outlines some(prenominal) possible solutions to humanitys natural fear of death by embracing and confronting it, as Tibetans and other Eastern religions advise by blocking fear through mystical science, as Babette attempts through the drug Dylar by using consumerism to deny it and by ignoring it, although only mad seems able to do this, whereas in the reach of adults it becomes a weakened form of cruelty.We try to face death through crowds, through safety in numbers, but we must ultimately face death alone. Even to the end of the novel not much about the role of death in the eyes of Jack and Babette changes. The book ends when Wilder is crossing the road on his tricycle and cars are honking and swerving to not to hit the little boy while he is in a state of oblivion, he doesnt come across the cars, and he doesnt hear the women yelling at him to stop thats all just White Noise to him.Suddenly he falls into a puddle off-key of his tricycle and begins to cry and he realizes that he brushed death for the first time. Throughout the story Wilder represented a kind of naturalness not found in any character. He was the only one who was not concerned with death or dying, he didnt even understand the concept of death. But soon his innocence fades away, and he becomes and starts mentation like everyone else surrounding him.

My Favorite Sights Essay

As it known to us all that different countries suffer different cultures, which presents both from the countrys sceneries and its peoples custom, such as the diversity between ancient Rome and ancient China, and every(prenominal) country is proud of them. China, a country that is known for its large nub of gorgeous sights attracts millions of tourists each year. And capital of Red China has continuously becomes the first choice for foreigners owe to its historical and scenical aspects. One of the most will-known architectures in Beijing is the Forbidden City.It lies in the central axis of the whole metropolis, in any case known as the biggest wooden structure in the world has witnessed the five megabyte years annals of our country. It was built in 1420, and had been the palace for the royal family for over five snow years, until the emperor Fuyi was banished. The Palace Museum, the focal point of the Forbidden City, was built in 1925, and then becomes country-owned after th e establishment of China, and in 1988, it was approved as hotshot of the world heritages. (Baidu Online Encyclopedia). It is the biggest ancient-art museum in China, and the majority of the antiques are from Qing Dynasty.One of the most famous exhibitions is called Qingming Riversides, it is remembered as a top-notch painting from Song Dynasty which mainly describes the bustling and sustentation in that particular period. And it is the exquisite technique that depicts human, livestock, constructions, and trading in a piece of more than five meters long paper that makes the painting prominent. Moreover, the museum also collects beautiful China and bronze, which presents power and privilege in ancient China. rightfulness behind the Forbidden City is the Jing Shan Park.The garden used to be the touch where the royal family spends their leisure time, however after the fade of the family it became a exoteric park. Whats more, Jing Shan Mountain inside the park is the tallest point of the whole Beijing City, which tourists can overlook the special scenery of the Forbidden City and the quadrangle houses near the park. The most attractive sight spot outside the city is the immense Wall. As an old saying goes, He who has never been to The big(p) Wall is not a true man, people build been inspired over a whole life to go to The Great Wall because of the spectacular scenery and the mysterious history.The Great wall was designed for defending the nomadic people from the north at 3rd coke BC, after the first unify of the country. It took one-twentieth of the whole population to build at that time. However, the part we referred today is the wall rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, which is nearly nine thousand meters long. Scientist havent figure out how can those people take so many bricks without any machinery tools up to the mountains at that time.When I was a little girl, my father took me to the Great Wall, and I was absolutely astonished by the majestic view from the beacon tower, the continuous mountain, the vast blue throw above, and the most importantthe dragon-shaped wall, and once you climbed up to the top beacon tower, you would never be able to resist yourself taking pictures of the splendid landscapes. Beijinga city combined with history, beauty, and modernity in such a harmony, has always been my favorite sight. And how can you miss such an amazing city if you are a travel enthusiast

Critical analyzing of the knowledge Essay

The role of a handler drop be a manifold job and although I establish opted for fin topics there ar m either to a greater extent attri thoes to this position.Using my preceding experiences, various research from agrees that I possess read and the internet I will try to explain the rationale for my conclusions.In this essay I will look at the following five topics, Leadership, confabulation, Delegation, Decision make and Support which will serve up conclude, in my opinion, the five most classic skills required to fortunately fulfill the a position of a xx first century jitney.These skills underpin the knowledge and abilities which are of key immenseness to the frigid role of the manager.LeadershipLeadership is ab break focusing on the most all- classic(prenominal) resource available to them, i.e mickle.This process should include the development, academically and professionally of your people.It is important to encourage communication, engaging their thoughts and id eas to promote a win win web site.A manager should al trends motivate, encourage and promote excellent represent, sluice in the most trying circumstances.A forgeter must always be aware of the ultimate goals of the organization, and know how their own neutrals fit with them. Once these goals set bulge out been established you must ensure that your squad understands the direction in which they are heading and why, and the purpose of their own activities deep down the overall plan. The ultimate objective should be broken down into attainable yet challenging goals that ideally will be inspiring and motivating for the whole team. Aims should also equal directly to the specific skills of the individual within the team. Working together towards a shared goal carrys people a sense of ownership and responsibility, and  hits an breeze of team spirit, (Effective leadinghip by Robert devil 1999).The write text of Robert Heller highlights in my opinion that either form of le adership requires strength, perseverance and sanctified staff to be able to fulfill a self-made workplace.By choosing the correct employees to fit to you model enables yourself time to pursue further challenges.In my experience you get down to show an open mind counter eternal sleep to what major power appear as, most off the wall suggestion.This shows the inter any(prenominal) adeptal skills to absorb the education, lose time to think situations through and give effective feedback.This inturn promotes diversity amongst the employees that even the wildest suggestion is precondition time and thought.This objective way of empowering employees give appointed vibes to for each one and every employee whatever their job role within the attach to or organization may be.With this in mind you stooge gain valuable commitment and engagement from the most un-co-operative people.Without being a positive open minded leader of peoples thoughts and ideas it is hopeless to deliver res ults by which every leader is judged.A quote which sums this up is,In fact, Leaders that go from good to great start non with where but with who. They start by getting the rightfield people on the bus, the wrong people off the bus, and the right people in the right seats.. First the peoplethen the direction (Jim Collins, Educational Quotes for the 21 Century)This quote confirms to me the important role each individual has in a well run, successful organization.Without this and total co-operation from all parts of the comp any, from senior counseling to the youngest most inexperienced mortal, failure would not be long from coming.CommunicationThe art of communication can be a very complex situation unless steps are taken beforehand to ensure any messages relayed from higher direction are correctly and condensedly passed on in a positive manner.In my experience as a manager previously I stick taken steps to prepare simply what I was going to say in a manner which was clear, u nderstandable, concise but most importantly which had enough open ended chances for devil way interchanges enabling myself to listen and give every opportunity for even veto feedback to be viewed as an opportunity for improvement.In my first a few(prenominal) months as a manager within my company a position to which I was promoted from the shop floor, I was expected by the opposite employees to be able to change all forms of workmanship difficultys, wellness and safety issues, right down to the microwave being broken.I had up to then been part of a work force that had so bitterly complained of lack of information.My first steps were to gain blaspheme from higher management to show I was as astute as previous managers and candid of moving on in a way which gave me time to flummox as a manager with the employees and gain valuable experience in the role from which I was expected to get results from.My winning formula was simplistic to put together a feedback questionnaire w hich involved every unrivalled from the site leader to the cleaner. all(prenominal) person was accustomed 25 questions, whatever relevant, some comical and some which I thought were burning issues.All I asked from the employees was for the questionnaires to be fill up out with honesty.I requested any feedback, positive or banish be given in such a way which could be an opportunity for the company to move forward.The questionnaires themselves were voluntary and anonymous in causal agent employees feared there would be reprisals afterwardwards.My next step was to get the 6 team leaders to put the questionnaires together in bar graphs, to offset a negative thought of management fiddling the results to look good for them.The findings were presented in an open meeting of 75 employees, which just coincidently fell at the alike(p) time as the area manager being on site looking at our set up.The impression even surpassed my widest dreams, Ideas were given time and place, open di scussions followed on subjects which some of the other managers were unaware of. and most importantly as a result of my actions a discussion group was formed which consisted of one manager, three employees, two team leaders and most importantly one of the junior employees the cleaner.All this led to a positive communication line from top to bottom.Everyone now felt they had as much responsibility as the next person, views were discussed openly, and problems dealt with by everybody.My ideas had ultimately been successful with some of the ideas being transferred into cost cutting and work improvement measures. unity of my most positive actions was to get the microwave fixed.This gave me a foot into the regainion of management while successfully putting my knowledge of frustrations of earlier years on the shop floor into good use.I learnt it is far infract to listen and communicate then in a real way rather than pay lip service totally.Action speaks louder than words.Delegatio nDelegation is probably one of the most arduous things a manager or leader has to do. equilibrate the work clog, too little and the person loses interest, too much and the person cannot successfully achieve the desired results for which you are looking for.And the reason for delegacy?As a manager it is impossible to achieve everything yourself.You also conduct the support of subordinates(Team leaders, Supervisors) to process daily routines maybe now not on the top of your list, such as team meetings, daily forecasting, filling out of charts and overall managing of a team environment but yet pivotal to the success of your company.This also empowers employees to show their leadership qualities and the effectiveness of their skills.Choosing the right person to delegate to is vitally important.They have to have the knowledge, skills, motivation and be given sufficient time to be able to fulfill the tasks you are enquire them to do.At most times these skills are not most openly visib le so you have to choose the person you feel has the essential intelligence and willingness to move up within your organization.With this you also have to give support, guidance and time to fulfill your expectations.The silk hat way to achieve this would be to give smaller less important tasks to start with to build the persons confidence, monitor the results, and gradually increase the level of responsibility so that the persons powers of judgement increase with the more(prenominal) demanding work load you require from them.Delegation not only helps you get your work through it can be used to improve your subordinates performance and therefore your impudence in their ability to carry out more responsible work. way training and development are part of the process of delegation. (How to be an even better Manager Sixth Edition, Michael Armstrong 2004)As I mentioned previously my early eld of Management were extremely testing trying to find the right balance amid concentrating on my new duties and trying to also hit outturn targets with ever changing goal posts.My attitude at first was to achieve my work load given to me by my Manager then drop dead four more extra hours of the day completing work which I had left behind to make the transition.I was wrong, but this carried on until I was asked to attend a managers course in the Lake DistrictIt was basically 6 people from different backgrounds all sent on a course which fundamentally had the same out come whatever we were doing. for each one day had a specific task, leading, assessing, team building, support and guidance and leftover enough delegation. Each day a different person had to lead the task and by coincidence I had the day which turned out to be delegation.The task was for me to play draughts, I was in the control tower, and I had two people in a shed with whom my only encounter was through a two way radio, and three people on the board moving the pieces.Initially my thought was to quickly ma ke up a board with 64 squares and make my moves using this board and by radioing my moves to the two people in the shed who would then run to the other three people who would make the move. They would then radio to me my competitors move and so on.My problem was I was s bowl thinking of work and how if a problem arose I would try solving it myself, but what a big mistake.The halting had a limit of 15 minutes and although I had thought my knavish way of winning was superb I was ultimately beaten by blind foolishness, stubbornness and of course lack of delegation skills.It wasnt till afterwards I realized how easy it would have been to let the two people in the shed co-ordinate with the three people on the board to solve a winning formula.It was a valuable lesson learnt and one I didnt dither on too much when I returned to work, I used it to my advantage and re-assessed my team leaders performances and gave them new responsibilities which increase my time for more demanding bus iness organization issues of which my new position entailed.Decision MakingDecision fashioning is about thinking out a problem or situation, workings out possible causes of concerns and making the correct choice or option.A last is a judgement. It is a choice between alternatives. It is rarely a choice between right or wrong. It is the best choice between almost right and probably wrong- but more often a choice between two courses of action neither of which is probably more nearly right than the other (Peter Drucker, The Effective Executive, 1967)Every good Leader can expect praise by making decisive decisions based on the information gathered at any given time although number shows making excellent decisions is generally based on two or more conflicting disagreements, this enables the Leader to gauge opinion, have time to access the information and proceed with the best course of action.Many rules have been written about the best way to proceed when making the best decision but from my experience getting the best answers means possibly accumulating five or six different reasoning processes and making the correct one, which I have listed below.Based on this way of thinking decisions become easier as time goes by, but as a leader you must have the confidence to implement and stand by your decisions.SupportAll good managers only become great leaders by entrusting the support of the work force of which they have been chosen to lead and visa versa.Experience tells me that trust can be very difficult to build and very easy to lose, as more employees have a them and us attitude towards management, so building trust can also bring loyalty amongst your workforce towards you.Building the sign trust is a very difficult thing to achieve as you have to prove your support towards them This can be achieved by tranquillise them you have no hidden agendas, and continually keeping them up to get word on any information that affects them and keeping promises when m ade.Providing the workforce with the equipment and resources to succeed in their job also enlists support from them as well as recognizing successful targets achieved, this can be a motivator in itself.By measure individuals and teams in successful target achievements with an audience present can build a confidence within that teamUsing the team to present the results through interaction reinforces their stature of a job well done.Some mistakes are undoubtedly bound to happen in a high pressure situation where targets are hard to achieve but making sure any reprimand serious or not is made on a one to one basis is criticalThis does not undermine the individual or their performance but can be used as a learning curve on the way to build positives from a negative situation.Being a supportive leader means addressing all kinds of situations.I once had an employee who had just gone through a separation from his wife, was only seeing and visiting his children once a fortnight and wa s hitting the swallow in such a manner that I had to warn him of his behaviour towards other employees round him.We both decided that visiting the dedicated counsellor was imperative and I took immediate action and drove him there the same day and waited for the session to end. I didnt have to stay but I felt responsible for his welfare as a determine member of my team.It took many more sessions for him to in conclusion turn his life around and get on the straight and narrow once again and finally earn some respect from his co-workers, but he managed to stand up in front of them and apologise for the sometimes meaningless disruptions he may have caused.Although I dealt with it in a sympathetic manner and got him the help he required, he was fully aware of the consequences of me assisting him instead of neglecting the situation and throwing the book at him.Sometime later he moved on to be one of my trusted team leaders.I truly learnt the difference between being a manager and a leader in those few weeks. As a manager you are asked to look after the business side of things, targets goals etc and as a leader you have to look after people and the daily roles of different personalities.Combining both makes you a stronger more competent person able to adapt to any given situation. cultivationTo be successful as a Manager and leader in my opinion you have to have a work range that compares to a Politician and a Football Manager.As a politician you have to be diplomatic when required often in difficult situations, be able to judge and compare when best to communicate sensitive information and of course when to lead.Where as a football manager chooses his squad, puts his players in the best position for him and the team and is judged by results.Both these professions need dedicated people to run them and committed people to assist and participate wholeheartedly.In each case knowing the objectives, goals, targets, providing direction and facilitating change, e nables the Manager a platform in which he can be competent to achieve the desired outcome which the position requires.Essentially Management is about setting out what work to do and getting it done through the co-operation of people to achieve this image that the greatest asset is the co-operation and dedication of your staff.I hope my essay sheds some insight into the way I feel a manager of the twenty-first century should conduct themselves to become a successful part of their organization.Bibliography teach yourself Leadership, Catherine Doherty and John Thompson, Hodder Education, 338 Euston Road, London 2007.On Leadership, Allan Leighton with Teena Lyons, Random House business books,20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London 2007.The Rules of Work, Richard Templar, Pearson Education Limited, Edinburgh Gate, Harlow 2003.How to be an even better Manager, Michael Armstrong, Kogan Page, cxx Pentonville Road, London 2004.Effective Leadership, Robert Heller, Dorling Kindersley, 80 Strand, Lond on 1999.Modern Management, Siobhan Tiernan, Michael j. Morley, Edel Foley, Gill and Macmillan Ltd, Hume Avenue, super acid West, Dublin 12, 2006.The Effective Executive, Peter Drucker, Heinemann, London 1967.www.leading-learning.co.nz/famous-quotes